Before you start: site survey
A basic site survey before purchasing any hardware saves time and money. The survey answers three questions: does 5G coverage exist at this location, which operator and band provides the best signal, and where should the hardware be positioned for optimal performance?
Run the survey with a compatible SIM card in a modern 5G phone. Enable field test mode (on Android, use a network info app; on iOS, dial *3001#12345#* and navigate to LTE). Walk the property exterior and interior, noting signal levels at different positions. Record which band and operator combination gives the best results. This takes under an hour and costs nothing beyond a test SIM card.
Indoor router installation
- Position the router on a flat surface within reach of a power outlet, as close to the exterior wall or window with the best signal as possible. Ideally facing the direction of your serving 5G mast.
- Insert the SIM card according to the router documentation. Ensure the SIM is the correct size for the slot (most routers use nano-SIM; some use micro-SIM).
- Power on and wait for the cellular connection to establish. Most routers will auto-configure the APN for UK operators. If it does not connect automatically, check the APN settings for your operator in the router admin interface.
- Connect a device and run a speed test to confirm performance. Note which band you are connected to in the router admin interface.
- Optimise position if performance is below expectations. Move the router to different window positions and repeat the speed test. Even small position changes can have significant impact on signal quality.
Outdoor CPE installation
- Select the mounting position: an exterior wall, fascia or pole with clear line of sight toward your serving mast. Higher is generally better. The CPE should be clear of significant obstructions between it and the mast direction.
- Run the PoE cable: route a CAT5e or CAT6 Ethernet cable from the planned outdoor mounting position through the building wall to the location of the indoor PoE injector. Use a cable with appropriate outdoor UV-resistant sheathing if any part of the run is exposed.
- Mount the CPE: follow the manufacturer’s bracket instructions. Ensure the mount is secure against wind load. Most outdoor CPEs include a pole mount bracket and a wall bracket.
- Connect the PoE cable from the CPE to the PoE injector indoors. Connect the LAN port of the PoE injector to your switch or access point.
- Insert the SIM if accessible on the outdoor unit, or via a cable-connected SIM tray on some models.
- Align the CPE: most outdoor units allow the antenna to be rotated or angled. Use the signal strength indicator in the admin interface to optimise orientation toward the mast.
APN configuration
Most UK operators are recognised automatically by modern 5G routers. If the router does not connect after inserting the SIM, configure the APN manually. Common UK APNs: EE – everywhere; Three – three.co.uk; Vodafone – internet; O2 – mobile.o2.co.uk. For IoT SIMs, the APN is provided by the SIM supplier.
After installation
Once connected, record your baseline performance: speed test results at different times of day, the band you are connected to, and signal quality metrics (RSRP and SINR from the router admin interface). This gives you a reference point for troubleshooting if performance changes, and helps identify whether congestion at specific times of day is a factor.